![]() Thus, a less expensive and more portable solution is required, which would be capable of evaluating the response of participants to stimulation performed reliably by a therapist and of improving the understanding of their current needs. However, high cost is still the factor that significantly limits their use for daily care, especially outside hospitals. Researchers and physicians have proved that the use of PET and especially fMRI is eventually inevitable in the clinical examination of patients with disorders of consciousness due to their accuracy and usability. Some works also identify the need for cheap and wide-applicable solutions for the estimation of the state of patients suffering from ABI. Although positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI are also employed for medical diagnostics, they are not standard medical procedures, because of their high cost, thus they are more often used for research purposes. Over the last two decades, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have become standard medical practice, and they are widely used for many aspects of modern medicine, like for example detection of tumors or identification of sites of injury from impact. Another example of an EEG-based technique is a mismatch negativity (MMN) approach. ![]() They also may involve using external stimuli such as auditory signals. ![]() EEG-based techniques often apply measurement and analysis of event-related potentials (ERP). Many of them involve some use of EEG signal measurement, however, techniques such as transcranial stimulation, deep brain stimulation are also possible, and they were described in the literature. The current literature indicates several common ways to assess consciousness in people suffering from acquired brain injuries ABI. Typical procedures concerning participants with TBI and other disorders include examination employing one of the various imaging techniques. All the groups of disorders mentioned could collectively be called acquired brain injuries (ABI). Unfortunately, both communication and assessment of the progress made in the course of care by participants with disorders such as TBI, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), and hypoxia may pose a real challenge to a therapist. An efficient tool for communicating with such patients and for evaluating their communication abilities is needed. The incidence rate of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in Europe in 2006 was reported as 235 cases per 100,000 people per year. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. ![]() Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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